東北日本における水稲主力品種の交替

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タイトル別名
  • Changes in the Leading Varieties of Non-Glutinous Rice in Northeast Japan, 1970-1995.
  • トウホク ニホン ニ オケル スイトウ シュリョク ヒンシュ ノ コウタイ

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For the first time in the long history of rice farming in Japan, totally new conditions have arisen. Increasing the production of rice has been restricted to prevent overproduction since 1970, while consumer demands for the deregulation of government policy and calls for excellent quality rice have increased. The purpose of this paper is to outline the reorganizing process of non-glutinous rice varieties in the past quarter century (1970-1995) in the Northeast Japan under the new conditions mentioned above and to consider the geographical meaning of this change.<br>We can recognize three periods in which the acreage of dominant varieties was very changeable: the first period in the early 1970s, the second period in the late 1970s to early 1980s, and the third period in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The former two periods were basically characterized as periods of trial and error. Although excellent varieties of high quality rice diffused in part, attention was focused high yield varieties using mechanized farming. The third period is characterized by new excellent rice varieties drastically replacing the old except in cold, marginal rice regions in Hokkaido and mountainous Tohoku.<br>Geographically, we can point out two important things. Firstly the transformation from high-yield rice culture to excellent quality rice for food developed early in southern Tohoku. After that, it gradually diffused to the northern Tohoku and central Hokkaido districts. This is compared to the process of the diffusion of rice as a staple in cold weather regions in the past. Viewed from a regional standpoint, there are relatively many kinds of excellent varieties in Tohoku and a few in the Hokkaido district. This difference occurred because of cold weather conditions.<br>Secondly, the development of the new varieties mentioned above is very important —in particular “Kirara 397” in Hokkaido, “Akitakomachi” and “Hitomebore” in Tohoku— because they did not depend on “Sasanishiki” originating in Miyagi prefecture but were based on “Koshihikari” which is ranked as the most excellent quality (the highest-priced) variety in Japan today. In addition, these new varieties have not only an excellent taste for consumers but a welcome resistance to cool-summer damage.<br>In conclusion, Northeast Japan's rice farming generally will be sustained in the future, at least for the level of rice varieties, although there are still parts of the region that can not adopt new varieties.

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