ダム下流域における河相変化が砂れき堆上の植物群落の分布に及ぼす影響

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  • Influence of dam construction on distribution of riparian plant communities in the Katsuura River, Shikoku, Japan
  • ダム カリュウイキ ニ オケル カソウ ヘンカ ガ サレキタイジョウ ノ ショクブツ グンラク ノ ブンプ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

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Characteristics of the distribution of plant communities subjected to remarkable change in river condition due to dam construction were investigated, in particular taking the effect of reservoir sedimentation into account. Vegetation and hydro-geomorphic surveys were carried out upper and lower reaches from Masaki Dam in 2000. The dam was completed in 1977 at a mountain site of the Katsuura River in Shikoku, Japan. It is noticed that considerable riverbed degradation occurred in a reach extending about 8 km downstream from the dam and obvious armoring of bar areas with coarse gravels resulted. Occurrence pattern of plant communities in the armored section is compared with that in the natural section within reaches both upstream from the dam reservoir and far downstream from the dam. Among five types of plant communities identified, Elaeagnus umbellate community and Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis community were observed within the armored section alone. The dominant species in the communities, namely E. umbellate, S. nipponica var. tosaensis and Alnus serrulatoides, prefer areas at relatively high elevations from low-water level and covered with coarse gravels. In the natural sections, however, areas of elevations preferred by the species tend to be covered with sediment considerably finer than those of the armored section. Such a condition of surface sediment seems to have prevented the establishment of plant communities. It is considered that Masaki Dam has facilitated the establishment of different plant communities from native ones through significantly reducing the sediment supply to its downstream reaches.

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