A Study on the Relationship between Characteristics, Dental Treatment Adaptability, and Stress by Dental Visit Using Salivary Amylase Activity in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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  • UEDA Kimiko
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Hospital
  • KORI Yukiko
    Bando Dental Clinic Hachiman Office
  • NAKAGAWA Hiroshi
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Hospital Clinic of the Challenged, Center for Advanced Dental Health Care, Tokushima University Hospital
  • IWAMOTO Tsutomu
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School

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  • 自閉スペクトラム症児者の特性と歯科受診時の適応状態および唾液α-アミラーゼ活性値との関連について

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<p>The purpose of this study was to clarify causes of stress during dental treatment in patients with autism spectrum disorder （ASD）.</p><p>Subjects and methods：We created a dental treatment adaptability evaluation table with 8 categories, and asked the patients’ parents to answer the questionnaire. The salivary amylase level in each patient with ASD was measured as an indicator of the stress of dental treatment. 37 patients （25 males and 12 females, 6-21 years old） participated in this study and were divided into three groups depending on the state of dental treatment adaptability and salivary amylase level：the group that was able to be treated affirmatively and with salivary amylase activity of 45 KU/l or less （AL group）, the group that was able to be treated affirmatively and with salivary amylase activity of 46 KU/l or over （AH group）, and the group that was difficult to treat （D group）. Then, we compared the three groups in terms of the evaluation items and salivary amylase activity. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Dunnett test and Kruskal-Wallis test （Steel） （p＜0.05）.</p><p>Results：For the two categories of age and hypersensitivity, there was a significant difference between the AL group and D group. The D group was younger than the AL group. The D group tended to be too sensitive to washing of their face, brushing of their teeth, taste and light. A significant difference was also seen in the two categories of communication ability and salivary amylase activity in the AL group and AH group, and the AL group and D group. The AH group and D group tended not to be good at expressing emotion by language and felt strong stress.</p><p>Conclusions：These results suggest that patients with ASD who feel strong stress before dental treatment are not good at expressing emotion by language or controlling stress. These results also suggest that one of the reasons why patients with ASD whose dental treatment adaptability is difficult is that they are sensitive to strong stress and have strong hypersensitivity.</p>

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