Thickening and Gelation of Solvents by Low Molecular Weight Compounds

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  • 低分子化合物による溶媒の増粘とゲル化
  • テイブンシ カゴウブツ ニ ヨル ヨウバイ ノ ゾウネン ト ゲルカ

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Abstract

Low molecular weight compounds, which can thicken and gel up solvents, were introduced. The former compounds are called “thickeners” and the latter ones are called “gelators”. The driving forces for thickening and gelation phenomena are non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, van der Waals interaction and π-π interaction.<BR>Tri (3, 7-dimethyloctyl) -1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxamide shows significant thickening effect for cyclohexane; the viscosity of the cyclohexane solution (30 gL-1) exhibited over 20,000 cP at 20°C. Tri (3, 7- dimethyloctyl) cis-1, 3, 5-cyclohexanetricarboxamide also increased the viscosity against carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, benzene, and pyridine. 1-Octadecylamino-3, 5-bis (2-ethylhexylaminocarbonyl) benzene, derived from dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate, acts as a thickener for hexane, cyclohexane, aromatic solvents, methyl methacrylate, styrene, and light oil. For example, the compound shows significant thickening effect for toluene; the viscosity of the toluene solution (15 gL-1) exhibited over 38,500 cP at 20t. The viscosity of the toluene solution drastically decreases with increasing temperature.<BR>Amino acid derivative, cyclo (dipeptide), amihope LL® derivative, and trans-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane derivative are described as gelators. When the gelation happens, the gelator molecules self-assemble into macromolecule-like aggregates via non-covalent intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and van der Waals interactions. On the other hand, when thickening phenomenon occurs, the macromolecule-like supramolecular assembles are formed, but not a three-dimensional network. The lack of ability of formation of three-dimensional network will brings about the properties as thickeners.

Journal

  • Oleoscience

    Oleoscience 5 (5), 219-228, 2005

    Japan Oil Chemists' Society

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