Experience and Oddity Preference in Human Choice : Emergent Variability Related to Variable-Ratio Schedules(<Special Issue>Behavioral Variability: Experimental Research and Its Utility in Applied Settings)

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  • 人間の選択行動における先行経験と異種選好 : VRスケジュールがもたらす変動性(<特集>行動変動性の実験研究とその応用可能性)
  • 人間の選択行動における先行経験と異種選好 VRスケジュールがもたらす変動性
  • ニンゲン ノ センタク コウドウ ニ オケル センコウ ケイケン ト イシュ センコウ VR スケジュール ガ モタラス ヘンドウセイ

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Abstract

Study objectives: The present study examined how the preference of humans between FR schedules and VR schedules changes after exposure to a specific schedule history. Design: A before-after design was used, in which the effects of the experimental treatment were estimated from the changed value from pre-test to post-test.Setting: Sessions were conducted individually in a small experimental booth. Participants: 27 undergraduate students. Independent variable: Schedule history: 14 participants were exposed to choice settings in which both terminal links were FR schedules, and 13 participants to choice settings in which both terminal links were VR schedules. Measures: Preferences were measured by concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement. The 2 main dependent variables were relative response rates for the initial link that corresponded to the FR terminal link, and the number of trials in which the participants chose the FR terminal link. Results: The FR history and the VR history had different results. An FR history increased preference for VR schedules, whereas a VR history resulted in more variability. Conclusions: (1) prior exposure to a specific contingency may produce an oddity preference, and (2) FR schedules and VR schedules may have different effects on subsequent human performance.

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