Animal Welfare : Introduction

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  • 動物福祉とは何か

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It is difficult to define the term animal welfare because everyone has different standards of ethics, policy and philosophy for judging what animal welfare is. However, in the general sense of people who have connection with various animals, it can be defined as "to minimize pain and suffering of animals under human use". In this sense, it is justified to use animals for human needs and to kill animals for human utilization when the method is applied as painlessly and quickly as possible. "Five freedoms" and "Three R" define the ideal state for use of domestic animals and laboratory animals, respectively. These are incorporated into many international guidelines and are also applicable to companion animals and even to wild animals. In regard to the animal welfare, the Japanese Society of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine declares to protect the dignity and the quality of life (QOL) of animals in zoos and in the wild that are used as subjects for various studies involving zoo and wildlife medicine.

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