Effects of temperature and oxygen tension on the imaginal differentiation of the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i> L.

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  • カイコの成虫化に及ぼす温度と酸素分圧の影響
  • カイコ ノ セイチュウカ ニ オヨボス オンド ト サンソ ブンアツ ノ エイキョウ

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Abstract

The effects of temperature and atmospheric oxygen tension upon the duration of pupal period of Bombyx mori were studied. Pupae of F1 hybrid of two races, C. 115 and J. 122 were used as material.<br>Relationship between temperature and the pupal period: In the hybrid, a higher temperature results in a shorter pupal period in a range of 10° to 30°C. The pupal period of male becomes shorter with increasing temperature than that of female in a range of 20° to 30°C, while in 10° to 15°C the relation of sex becomes reverse (Table 1).<br>Effect of atmospheric oxygen tension on the imaginal differentiation: MUROGA (1939) and FUKUDA (1944) delivered that oxygen is necessary for the hormone-production in the prothoracic gland of Bombyx silkworm. As shown in Table 2 of the present paper, the duration of pupal period in a gas mixture containing oxygen more than 10% is the same as in the atmospheric air. In the bottles of 0.5% or 2.5% oxygen, no sign of the imaginal differentiation was presented in each pupa. In a bottle containing 5% oxygen, however, the compound eyes were darkened while the antennae were not.<br>The pupae which were kept in the gas mixture containing 0.5% or 2.5% oxygen till the 72nd hours after pupation emerged after they were transferred in the atmospheric air (Table 3). Thus in early pupal age, the pupae could survive for 72 hours in the bottle containing 0.5% oxygen.<br>Therefore, it seems that in this hybrid the hormone for the imaginal differentiation can be secreted from prothoracic glands in an air containing more than 5% oxygen, while cannot in less than 2.5%.

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