野外試験によるシラス土のリルの発生, 発達に関する研究

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タイトル別名
  • Studies on the Rill Occurrence and Development on Sirasu Soil under Field Test Plot
  • ヤガイ シケン ニヨル シラスド ノ リル ノ ハッセイ ハッタツ ニカンスル

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Rill development process and relation of rill erosion to rainfall was studied on test plot under natural rainfall. The test plot used in the study, with a slope steepness of 10°, was 2.5m wide and 22.1m long in the direction of slope, and filled with Sirasu soil. The rill networks on the plot were photographed, the depth and section profiles of rill were also measured every 20cm after each rainfall. Invested data and one derived from photographs show that:<BR>(1) The critical condition for rill occurring on Sirasu soil is rainfall of at least 50mm, and maximum 30-min intensity (I30) more than 20mm/h.<BR>(2) The critical distance for rill development on Sirasu soil was observed as 2m, and rill density reached a maximum of 2m/m2. Interspace between rills is narrow compared with that of other soils.<BR>(3) As the first step of rill development, there were many pairs of short rill to occur on the plot, and as rainfall continued, the short rills connected and deepened and widened.<BR>(4) The scouring and side-wall sloughing of the rills reached a maximum of 10-11m and 6-10m from the end of plot. No relationship was found between the depth and width of the rills, but it was understood that at the beginning of rill erosion, the width of a rill is greater than the depth, and as rainfall continues, the depth becomes larger quickly than the width. Deep scouring is a dominant form of rill development on Sirasu soil.<BR>Section profiles of rill was found to be narrow and deep rectangles with vertical side-walls. Areas of section profiles can be estimated with the depth and width. There was a linear relationship between the length and circumference of a rill. It suggested that rill on Sirasu soil is nearly linear on the base of the fact that circumference of rill is two times as long as length of rill. An exponential relationship between length of rill and areas of rill was also established.

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