中山間地域における過疎の進行と資源管理機能の低下

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タイトル別名
  • A Depression in Management of Regional Resources Followed by Depopulation in Hilly Rural Area
  • チュウサンカン チイキ ニ オケル カソ ノ シンコウ ト シゲン カンリ キ

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Recently, in hilly (less favored) rural areas, regional resources such as farmland, forest, etc., suffered from difficulties in management by depopulation due to moving out of young peoples. In this paper, destruction of farmland caused by rainfall compared between two townswhere large amounts of depopulation observed, and two cities-where the population slightly increased or did not change. Runoff characteristics in the catchment of three different types of land utilization also investigated. These were (i) bench terraced paddy field ( “paddy field catchment”: including 75% of forest in the catchment), (ii) reclaimed upland field ( “upland field catchment”: including 50% of forest in the catchment) and (iii) “forest catchment”. The results of the study are as follows;<BR>(1) The number of destruction caused by heavy rainfall on farmlands were far large amount in the two towns than that of in the two cities. On the contrary, there observed no differences in the total renovation costs between the two cities and the two towns.<BR>(2) Though smaller in sizes, a large number of destruction taken place in the two towns, suggesting that daily management of agricultural lands seemed to be difficult in the depopulated areas.<BR>(3) Paddy fields that occupied 25% of the catchment area, affected discharge of the catchment. The “paddy field catchment” showed similar runoff characteristics like “upland field catchment”.<BR>(4) The amount of direct runoff and peak discharge in the “paddy field catchment”, and also in the “upland field catchment”, showed increasing tendency in comparison with those of the “forest catchment”. Discharge in the “paddy field catchment” after the peak decreased more quickly than that of in the “forest catchment”.<BR>(5) Generally, paddy field area possesses the function of flood control by storing water in its dike. Considering the results of the study, it concluded that this “paddy field catchment” does not seem to perform this control function. It seems to concern with method of water management of this area.

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