City, village, housing and cosmology of Lombok island

This study consists of three subjects. The first one is an analysis on the villages at Lombok Island. The layouts of village can be divided into several patterns, however, except for the Balinese villages a strong relation of cosmology with form cannot be found. In the case of the people in the village Sasak (Waktu telu) who are Muslims that keep religious traditions from the past, in the north mountainous region of the island, a simple and clear form that is a combination of housing and bergaq (meeting quarters) open pavillion, can be seen. On the south hill side, there are many villages with houses arranged along contour lines. In the case of Sasak, the simple principle of arranging to the basic housing form to the configuration of the land, seems general. Second is an analysis of form in Cakranegara, which is the central city. Cakranegara is a very beautiful grid-pattern city. It is a colonial city of the Karangasem Kingdom of Bali and it is esteemed to be constructed on the model of Hindu city theory. Among the cities which were built on Hindu city theory, unusually large parts of it remained. This can be said to be very rare, even if India is included. In the center, the largest temple in Lombok Island, called Pura Meru is located. There are 33 small shrines, each one weighs a particular name, and also the corresponding name of Pura is written and related to the 33 krangs of Cakranegara. Pura Meru is the center of religion for the residences of Cakranegara and also exists as the symbolic core for the community internationally. Third, an analysis concerning the structure of Pura and an orientation are added. As a matter of great interest, there is a Pura which is considered to be the common holy place of Hinduism and Islam. Basically, since Pura was built under the influence of Hindu and Bali, as for the orientation, it follows the theory of Hindu and Bali. However, there is an example that the orientation varies according the cult mountain in Bali or Lombok.