Study on biomonitoring method of atmospheric aerosol components based on the bioluminescence inhibition of marine bacterium <I>Vibrio fischeri</I>

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  • 海洋性バクテリア <I>Vibrio fischeri</I>の生物発光阻害に基づく大気中粒子状汚染物質のバイオモニタリング手法に関する研究
  • 海洋性バクテリアVibrio fischeriの生物発光阻害に基づく大気中粒子状汚染物質のバイオモニタリング手法に関する研究
  • カイヨウセイ バクテリア Vibrio fischeri ノ セイブツ ハッコウ ソガイ ニ モトズク タイキチュウ リュウシジョウ オセン ブッシツ ノ バイオモニタリング シュホウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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Air quality has been traditionally evaluated using chemical and physical methodologies. Bioassay, which detects biohazardous property of environmental contaminants on site, is still being an unexplored field of air quality monitoring. Authors aimed to develop a simple testing system of toxicity of the airborne particulate matter by using bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected on a quartz fiber filter at a flow rate of 23.5L/min by low volume air sampler for 7-day duration, at the terrace of school building of Tokai University, Japan. Classified aerosol samples were also collected by Andersen sampler for 1-month duration. Collected materials were then extracted with deionized distilled water by mild shaking. After filtration with 0.45 micro-meter pore size filter, the extracts were subsequently mixed with a bacterium solution in a well of 24-well plate and the time course of bioluminescence intensity were measured by a luminometer. In this study, the Rapid On-site Toxicity Audit System (Leachable), supplied by Hitachi Chemicals, was applied to this bioassay system. As a result, the bioluminescence intensity was influenced by the water extracts of atmospheric aerosol components. Linear relationship was found between inhibition (%) per sampling volume and atmospheric aerosol concentration, when the bioluminescence was significantly reduced. This means atmospheric aerosol contains biohazardous materials which contribute to the aerosol concentrations. Meanwhile, the relatively higher inhibition was found in the fine particles (<2.1 μm). This suggests possible application of this bioassay system to biomonitoring of PM2.5. The extracts seemed a colloidal solution with slight black particles. Then, the extracts were re-filtered by a centrifugation filter unit and the residual particles were observed by TEM. The TEM image showed the residue was aggregated soot carbon, which might be a possible cause of reducing the bioluminescence of marine bacterium. On the other hand, even when TSP concentration were high, there were some cases the inhibition was not found. Typical cases were found in period of low traffic density and yellow sand storm. This suggests aerosols which contains rich minerals may become nutrient to the marine bacterium.

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