Volatile Organic Compounds and Air Quality Assessment Using Ozone Formation Potential in Refueling Loss Tests and Diurnal Breathing Loss Tests Using a Gasoline Fuel with Low Olefins

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  • 低オレフィンガソリン燃料を用いた給油時と終日車両保管時に排出される揮発性有機化合物とオゾン生成能を考慮した大気質評価
  • テイオレフィンガソリン ネンリョウ オ モチイタ キュウユジ ト シュウジツ シャリョウ ホカンジ ニ ハイシュツ サレル キハツセイ ユウキ カゴウブツ ト オゾン セイセイノウ オ コウリョ シタ タイキシツ ヒョウカ

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In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in evaporative gas from gasoline fuel were observed and the air quality evaluated during the refueling loss tests and the diurnal breathing loss (DBL) tests according to a gasoline fuel with a lower content of olefins compared to retail market fuels. The gasoline vapor compositions observed during the refueling loss tests were compared to the estimation calculated from the measured liquid gasoline composition using Raoult's law. As a result, there was no significant difference between the observations and the estimations of the gasoline vapor compositions according to refueling flows and environmental temperatures. During the DBL tests, the aromatics were predominant in the day 1 DBL, while the paraffins were predominant after the day 2 DBL. It is indicated that the permeation (the leakage of fuel from the fuel tank and tube) contributed to the day 1 results and the breakthrough (the overflow of fuel vapor from the carbon on the recovery equipment (canister)). To evaluate the air quality using the gasoline vapor composition data, the ozone formation potential (OFP) was performed using the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) with the VOC data on the refueling loss and the DBL. It was indicated that the OFP of the gasoline fuel vapor in this study is similar to the OFP of the vapor from the refueling and breakthrough on the DBL. Furthermore, it is indicated that the olefin in the gasoline fuels can also effectively contribute to the OFP weighted emissions (OFPEW) according to a comparison with the gasoline compositions in these test fuels and widely available fuels in Tokyo, and the values reported in a previous study. The OFP of the fuel vapors (e.g., refueling and breakthrough) and other emissions (e.g., biogenic VOC and stationary source) were estimated by the emission data from several prefectures. It indicated that the contribution of the refueling and breakthrough varied depending on the area. Furthermore, it was estimated that the OFPEW of the fuel vapors contributed 4–21% of the total OFPEW of the VOC emissions during August of 2010.

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