Detection of Free Radical Reactions in an Aqueous Sample Induced by Low Linear-Energy-Transfer Irradiation

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  • Matsumoto Ken-ichiro
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • Okajo Aya
    Department of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
  • Nagata Katsura
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University
  • DeGraff William G.
    Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH
  • Nyui Minako
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • Ueno Megumi
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • Nakanishi Ikuo
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • Ozawa Toshihiko
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Yokohama College of Pharmacy
  • Mitchell James B.
    Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH
  • Krishna Murali C.
    Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH
  • Yamamoto Haruhiko
    Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University
  • Endo Kazutoyo
    Department of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
  • Anzai Kazunori
    Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences

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Quantitative detection of free radical reactions induced by low linear-energy-transfer (LET) irradiation in an aqueous solution was attempted using nitroxyl radicals. The stability and reactivity of reaction mixtures containing a nitroxyl radical and a hydrogen donor, i.e., glutathione (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), were tested. X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of several reaction mixtures were performed to find a suitable preparation to quantitatively detect free radical reactions produced by low LET irradiation. The EPR signal intensity of nitroxyl radicals was decreased by low LET irradiation when a hydrogen donor coexisted in the reaction mixture. The combination of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (4-hydroxy-TEMPO, known as TEMPOL) and GSH was most preferable among other preparations tested in this paper, because of the sensitivity and irreversible reaction. The extent of the free radical reaction, i.e., formation of reactive oxygen species, in the reaction mixture depended on the radiation energy when an identical dose was given.

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