2-Amino-phenoxazine-3-one Attenuates Glucose-Induced Augmentation of Embryonic Form of Myosin Heavy Chain, Endothelin-1 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

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  • Fukuda Gen
    Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University
  • Yoshitake Noriko
    Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University
  • Khan Zia Ali
    Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario
  • Kanazawa Masao
    Health Care Liaison Center, Department of Molecular Oncology, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Tokyo Medical University
  • Notoya Yoko
    Health Care Liaison Center, Department of Molecular Oncology, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Tokyo Medical University
  • Che Xiao-Fang
    Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
  • Akiyama Shin-ichi
    Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
  • Tomoda Akio
    Department of Biochemistry and Intractable Immune System Disease Research Center, Tokyo Medical University
  • Chakrabarti Subrata
    Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario
  • Odawara Masato
    Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University

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The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in mRNA level of embryonic form of myosin heavy chain (SMemb), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which are considered to be involved in the angiogenesis and atherosclerosis in diabetic blood vessels, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) caused by high ambient glucose, and the effects of 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (Phx-3), which was produced by the reaction of bovine hemoglobin with o-aminophenol, on them. The mRNA level of SMemb, ET-1 and PAI-1 and the level of SMemb protein were extensively upregulated in HUVECs treated with high concentration of glucose (15 mM), compared with those in the cells with normal concentration of glucose (5 mM). The migration activity of HUVECs evaluated by the cell migration assay was accelerated by 15 mM glucose. When 10 μM Phx-3, at the concentration of which the proliferation of HUVECs was not affected, was administered to HUVECs with 15 mM glucose, the mRNA level of SMemb, ET-1 and PAI-1 and the level of SMemb protein were significantly downregulated to the normal levels in the cells. However, when 10 μM Phx-3 was administered to HUVECs with 5 mM of glucose, the mRNA level of SMemb, ET-1 and PAI-1 and the level of SMemb protein were not affected. The migration activity of HUVECs, which was accelerated by high glucose, was reversed by 10 μM Phx-3. The present results suggest that Phx-3 may be a drug to prevent the high glucose-associated endothelial damage, vascular angiogenesis in diabetic patients, by inhibiting the expression of angiogenic factors, such as SMemb, ET-1 and PAI-1, in the endothelial cells.

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