Bile Acid-Induced Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Absence of Farnesoid X Receptor

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  • Nomoto Masahiro
    Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Miyata Masaaki
    Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
  • Yin Shanai
    Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Kurata Yasushi
    Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Shimada Miki
    Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
  • Yoshinari Kouichi
    Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
  • Gonzalez Frank J.
    Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
  • Suzuki Kokichi
    Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Shibasaki Shigeki
    Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Kurosawa Tohru
    Applied Pharmacology Research Labs., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.
  • Yamazoe Yasushi
    Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University CRESCENDO, The Tohoku University 21st Century “Center of Excellence” Program

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The major function of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is to maintain bile acid and lipid homeostasis. Fxr-null mice, in which the levels of hepatic bile acid and lipid have been elevated, develop spontaneous liver tumors. We evaluated differences in hepatic bile acid and triglyceride concentrations, and in generation of oxidative stress between wild-type mice and Fxr-null mice. The hepatic levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and hydroperoxides, oxidative stress-related genes, and nuclear factor (erythroid-2 like) factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in Fxr-null mice were significantly higher than those in wild-type mice. An increase in the hepatic bile acid concentration in Fxr-null mice fed a cholic acid (CA) diet resulted in an increase in the hepatic levels of hydroperoxides, TBARS and 8OHdG, whereas a decrease in the hepatic concentration in mice fed a diet containing ME3738 (22β-methoxyolean-12-ene-3β,24(4β)-diol) resulted in a decrease in these oxidative stress marker levels. A good correlation was observed between the hepatic bile acid concentrations and the hepatic oxidative stress marker levels, although there was no significant correlation between the hepatic triglyceride concentrations and oxidative stress. The results show that oxidative stress is spontaneously enhanced in Fxr-null mice, which may be attributable to a continuously high level of hepatic bile acids.

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