Neuroprotective Effect of Asiatic Acid in Rat Model of Focal Embolic Stroke

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  • Lee Ki Yong
    Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University College of Pharmacy, Korea University
  • Bae Ok-Nam
    Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University
  • Weinstock Shelley
    ZYMES, LLC
  • Kassab Mounzer
    Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University
  • Majid Arshad
    Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield

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Asiatic acid (AA) is a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent that has been shown to attenuate infarct volume in mouse and rat models of focal ischemia and has a long clinically relevant therapeutic time-window. Because in a future trial AA would be administered with tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA), the only approved acute stroke therapy, we sought to determine the effect of AA when co-administered with t-PA in a rat focal embolic stroke model. Male rats were treated with AA (75 mg/kg) alone, low-dose t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) alone, or a combination of AA and low-dose t-PA at 3 h after inducing embolic stroke. AA significantly reduced infarct volume whereas low-dose t-PA alone did not reduce infarct volume compared with vehicle. Significantly, combination treatment further enhanced reduction of infarct volume versus AA alone. Treatment with AA reduced cytochrome c (CytoC) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release from brain mitochondria after ischemia. AA was also neuroprotective against L-glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cortical neurons. In summary, combination treatment with AA and low-dose t-PA at 3 h after embolic stroke reduces infarct volume, improves neurological outcome, and provides neuroprotection. The neuroprotective effects of AA were partially associated with reduction of AIF and CytoC release.

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