Motor Schema Formation in Youth with Mental Retardation

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  • 精神遅滞児における運動スキーマの形成
  • セイシン チタイジ ニ オケル ウンドウ スキーマ ノ ケイセイ

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Abstract

This study was designed to determine whether motor schema acquisition by individuals with mental retardation could be enhanced by providing training conditions that facilitate information processing. Subjects were 56 individuals with mental retardation, aged 13 to 17 years, who were enrolled at a school for youth with mental retardation in Kanagawa Prefecture. The procedure involved a replication of the Kelso and Norman (1978) study in which subjects learned a linear positioning task (ballistic movement) with (a) constant practice, (b) variable practice (random), or (c) blocked practice. A control group had no practice prior to testing. No differences in performance during initial training were found between the constant practice and blocked practice groups, but the variable practice (random) group was significantly superior to the others. On transferring to novel and unpracticed tasks using the same response, however, the blocked practice group's performance was significantly superior to the variable practice (random) group, and to the control group who had received no prior practice. These data suggest that transfer performance for individuals with mental retardation affected the structure of variable practice which formulated the motor schema for movement production. This information should be helpful in the development of physical activity programs at schools for youth with mental retardation.

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