The Significance of Charity Organisation Society in Education for Children with Physical Disabilities in Great Britain

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  • イギリスにおける慈善組織協会の障害児教育への貢献に関する研究 : 肢体不自由教育への意義を中心に
  • イギリス ニ オケル ジゼン ソシキ キョウカイ ノ ショウガイジ キョウイク

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Abstract

For treatment of persons with physical disabilities, "education" appeared in addition to "charity" in the latter half of the 19th century. The purpose of the present article is to clarify the contribution of the British Charity Organisation Society (C. O. S.) to this change. At first, the Society intended to solve the problem of pauperism, and the original idea was "charitable relief". The Society criticized Poor Law Relief, and developed a new original principle of charity. The idea of charitable relief was quite different from Poor Law Relief. Although it was intended to solve the problem of pauperism more effectively than the Poor Law, many paupers still remained who were not helped or did not get any support at all. Many individuals with physical disabilities were included among these. The following findings about the Charity Organisation Society were obtained: (1) The Society did not regard individuals with physical disabilities as exceptions. Rather, its goal was to prevent distress and support their independent living, that is, self-reliance, as far as possible. (2) Education was expected to be one of the means to eliminate that pauperism which had not been affected by the Society's principle of charitable relief. (3) The Society made it public that children with physical disabilities were being educated at industrial homes and schools. On the other hand, (4) The Society revealed the fact that a large number of people with physical disabilities had no treatment or education.

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