Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature on seed production and nitrogen concentration in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

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  • Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature on seed production and nitrogen concentration in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.)

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The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and temperature and their interactions on leaf photosynthesis, reproductive processes, seed weight and seed nitrogen concentration ([N]) of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were investigated using temperature gradient chambers. Plants were grown under four regimes comprising two levels of [CO2], ambient (LC) and ambient +200 μmol mol-1 (HC), and two levels of temperature, low (LT) and high (HT, LT +∼3°C). Plant and seed weights were significantly increased by elevated [CO2] in both temperature regimes. Increased seed weight under elevated [CO2] was mainly because of the production of more nodes and seeds per plant. Increased temperature significantly increased the number of seeds per plant but decreased individual seed weight in both [CO2] regimes. Increased temperature therefore had no effect on seed weight. The increased seed number per plant in the HT regimes resulted from increased pod numbers per node. The light-saturated photosynthetic rate increased with increasing [CO2] and temperature, presumably resulting in more seeds per plant. The reduction in individual seed weight with increased temperature was attributed mainly to lower individual seed growth rate and fewer cotyledon cells per seed. The reduction in individual seed weight with increased temperature was less pronounced in the HC regime than in the LC regime, and there was a significant interaction between [CO2] and temperature. However, there was no interaction between [CO2] and temperature for seed weight. Neither individual effects nor interaction of [CO2] and temperature were observed for seed [N]. This study raises the possibility that projected increases in atmospheric [CO2] during the 21st century will increase the yield of soybeans without decreasing seed [N] in regions that have near or below optimum temperatures (near 25°C or above) for soybean yield.

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  • 農業気象

    農業気象 68 (1), 1-13, 2012

    日本農業気象学会

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