米国ハリケーンカトリーナ災害における不動産移管・再生プログラムの不動産取得主体の特徴と転売実態による居住環境再生

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  • CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPERTY OWNER AND RESALE ACTIVITIES FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT REGENERATION BY PROPERTY TRANSFER REGENERATION PROGRAMS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA
  • カテゴリーⅠ 米国ハリケーンカトリーナ災害における不動産移管・再生プログラムの不動産取得主体の特徴と転売実態による居住環境再生
  • カテゴリー Ⅰ ベイコク ハリケーンカトリーナ サイガイ ニ オケル フドウサン イカン ・ サイセイ プログラム ノ フドウサン シュトク シュタイ ノ トクチョウ ト テンバイ ジッタイ ニ ヨル キョジュウ カンキョウ サイセイ

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 This study examines the characteristics of property owner, transfer activities and its contribution for the built environment regeneration through property transfer and regeneration programs by New Orleans City government after Hurricane Katrina. These programs, the Lot Next Door Program and the Auction, aim to bring back the Road Home buyout properties into market expecting to be regenerated by new property owners. The goal of this research is to develop a planning techniques and policy for the built environment regeneration after mega disasters. The methodology is an analysis of program properties' information, such as attribution of winning bidder of the Auction, property transfer activities, which are obtained from the Assessor's Office of Orleans Parish.<br> It is demonstrated that percentage of property transfer “after” program is above certain level, and have strong relationship between the built environment regeneration after 10 years. More than 30% Auction bidding winner is private corporation and transfer activities, exceeds 20% among of all auction properties, that contribute to an increase of housing stock compared to non-transferred action properties. It is found that the Auction bidding winners gain more property sale benefit in white and middle-high income neighborhood. Owner-occupied housing increase by the Auction, however, there are some amount of remains as vacant properties which is especially seen in black and high poverty rate neighborhoods. The Auction functions as promoting first-time homebuyer for affordable housing. These are the limitation and effectiveness of the Auction program. The fact that more than 30% Auction properties owner are neighbors living near properties implies that their motivation is to maintain and improve their neighborhoods' property value. In the Lot Next Door program, percentage of transfer activities is less than 10% which is very small compared to the Auction. The Lot Next Door program was designed to intend to achieve low-density residential area which has large garden in the lot, although, transferred properties were regenerate as housing stock in the white and middle-high income neighborhood which is different from design concept.<br> What do these results suggest us? The property transfer and regeneration program have limitation in causing neighborhood attribution gaps, such as race and income, led by market mechanism, however, it is prove that it is effective policy for the built environment regeneration which utilizes and integrates the market-based approach, a certain level of public intervention, residents' motivation for profit gain in resale and to improve their built environment.

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