Cytokines as inflammatory mediators.

DOI 5 Citations
  • Kasakura Shinpei
    Kobe City General Hospital, Departments of Clinical Pathology and Medicine

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  • 炎症とサイトカイン

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The initial demonstration that soluble mediators Could be liberated by antigen-activated lymphocytes came about as a result of research aimed at elucidating the mechanism of delayed hypersensitivity. Subsequently, various soluble factors were found to involve in the induction of inflammatory responses.<BR>Inflammatory processes stimulate phagocytic cells to synthesize and release various Cytokines including IL-1, TNF, IL-6 and IFN. IL-1 and TNF are known to have chemotactic properties for phagocytic cells. In addition to attracting phagocytic cells into inflamed tissues, these Cytokines also potentiate the activation of phagocytic cells. In vitro these cytokines have been reported to induce synovial cell, chondrocyte and fibroblast PGE2 and collagenase production and also induce the activation of osteoclast.<BR>IL-1, TNF and IL-6 that are produced peripherally from activated phagocytic cells enter the circulation and affect distant organ systems. These cytokines act on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to induce fever. They also induce the release of hypothalamic and pituitary peptides including ACTH. They, particularly IL-6, act on the hepatocytes to induce acute phase proteins. Furthermore, IL-6 is known to activate hematopoietic stem cells to be responsive to IL-3. Although IL-1 has no direct effect on marrow precursors, it acts synergistically with bone marrow growth factors.<BR>IL-1, TNF, IL-6 and IFN participate in a network of cytokine-inducd cytokines. IL-1 induces production of itself, TNF, IL-6, IFN and IL-2. TNF induces production of IL-1, IL-6 and IFN, whereas IL-6 suppresses production of TNF. Such a network may be important for the augmentation or suppression of various biological properties during host responses to infection or inflammation.

Journal

  • Ensho

    Ensho 10 (1), 9-16, 1990

    The Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration

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