Type A Personality and Cognitive Defense

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  • タイプAの人格特性と認知的防衛
  • タイプ A ノ ジンカク トクセイ ト ニンチテキ ボウエイ

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Abstract

The Type A behavior pattern attracts many researchers' attention, because it increase the probability of coronary heart disease (CHD). The Type A behavior pattern is a situation-induced pattern, and thus differs from typologies or trait theories that have been used in the studies of personality. However, it is important for us to make clear the relation between Type A and other traits in order to know more concretely "what is Type A." Moreover, Type As are said to use some types of cognitive defenses in stressful situations. These kinds of defenses are thought to be very important from the clinical point of view. In this study three kinds of personality tests were used : Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory (YG Test), Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (P-F Study) and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS ; devised at Doshisha Univ.). Subjects of Type A and Type B (the opposite pattern of Type A) were selected according to their AB scores (clinical scale of JAS) from the students of Hyogo College of Medicine. In YG Test, Type As showed significantly higher scores on Ag (lack of agreeableness or aggressiveness), R (rhathymia), G (general activity), A (ascendancy) and lower scores on I (inferiority feelings) scale than Type B. High positive correlation was found between Ag and AB scores in all subjects.Comparing the numbers of each personality type between groups, we found many Type As belonged to the "B"type in YG (black list type : emotionally unstable, socially inadaptable and extraverted) and no Type A belonged to the introverted type ("C" or "E" type). In P-F Study, Type As had less "i" (need persistence-intraggression), less "N-P" (total need persistence), less "I-A" (total intraggression), more "E" (ego defense-extraggression), and more "E__-" (super-ego factor of "E") response than Type B. From these results we can conclude that Type As are more active, aggressive and extraverted but emotionally unstable and that they try to protect themselves from the accusations of others and guilt feelings using denial and projection mechanisms.

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