SOMATOTYPING OF ATHLETES BY THE MODIFIED TRIANGULAR SCHEME METHOD

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  • 三角図形法の変法による運動選手の体型分類
  • サンカク ズケイホウ ノ ヘンポウ ニ ヨル ウンドウ センシュ ノ タイケイ ブンルイ

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The somatotyping which developed as a detailed method of classifying morphological characteristics by Sheldon and his collaborators was first improved by Cureton.<BR>Later Sheldon and Cureton's topologies were introduced to Japan, and these classifications of constitutional types were checked and correlated with athletic performance by many followers in this country.<BR>Retaining the fact that the various body tissues are derived from the particular embryonic layers, the anther developed a new procedure of determining physical types of athletes in each event. The auther did not adopt Sheldon's procedure in which the somatotype is represented as a point in space at an appropriate position in a regular triangle by means of three dimensional and orthogonal coodinates. The auther drew three straight lines out from a center point forming open angles of 120 degrees, and then another showing a somatotype by arrangement of the three components (muscle, skeletal structure, adipose tissue) on the three lines. The average positions of the subjects in each axis are respectively the same distance from the intersection and the scales in each axis are indicated by sigma units.<BR>The results were as follows :<BR>1) Athletes of such sports events as middle weight Judo (men), light weight Judo (men) and throwing events (men) have showed higher values in the three dimensions of the triangular scheme method than the mean for 293 Japanese athletic prospects including participants in the Olympics that the auther selected as the control group in this study. They formed an enlarged regular triangle in the triangular scheme method developed by the auther (Fig. 10) .<BR>2) Athletes of jumping events (men), sprinting events (men) and volleyball players (men) were below average in all dimensions and their triangles were thus smaller regular triangles (Fig. 11) .<BR>3) Since the rating of the skeletal structures of figure-skaters (both men and women), athletes of throwing events (women) and marathon races (men) were above average, and since the rating of their muscles and adipose tissues were below average, their triangles assumed the shape of scalene triangles (Fig. 4-8) .<BR>Ogawa placed the figure-skaters, who were short and lightweight, in the ectomorphy category of Sheldon's classification in agreement with my own data.<BR>4) Because the rating of adipose tissue for goal-keepers and forewards in ice-hockey (men) were quite high, their triangles assumed the opposite shape to that of the figure-skaters (Fig. 9) .<BR>5) Athletes in hurdle events (women) and middle distance events (women) had a high rating in only one component and thus their triangles were isosceles triangles (Fig. 12) .

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