Algogenic and systemic effects of venom gland extract from the red back widow spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) in mice

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  • OHTSUKA Eiji
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • DEZAKI Katsuya
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • YAMAGUCHI-MIYAMOTO Tomomi
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • NOJIMA Hiroshi
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • KAMIMURA Kiyoshi
    Department of Biodefence Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University
  • YOSHIDA Masahiro
    Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of public Health
  • KURAISHI Yasushi
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Other Title
  • セアカゴケグモ(Latrodectus hasseltii)の毒腺抽出物のマウスに対する発痛および全身性作用

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Abstract

The algogenic effects of venom gland extract (VGE) from the red back widow spiders (Latrodectus hasseltii) and its component α-latrotoxin were investigated in mice. Mice were given an intraplantar injection of VGE or α-latrotoxin into the hind paw, and licking of the injected site was assessed as a pain-associated response. The VGE increased dose dependently the licking behavior at doses of 1/300th to 1/30th venom gland. The licking behavior elicited by an injection of VGE at a dose of 1/100th venom gland was significantly suppressed by subcutaneous pretreatment with the opioid analgesic morphine hydrochloride (3 and 10 mg/kg) but not the aspirin-like drugs, such as ketoprofen (10 and 30 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (10 and 30 mg/kg). An intraplantar injection of heat-treated VGE did not elicit licking behavior. An injection of α-latrotoxin (30 and 300 ng) markedly increased licking behavior. These findings suggest that an injection of VGE causes severe pain through non-inflammatory mechanisms. It is possible that the algogenic action of VGE is at least partly mediated by α-latrotoxin.

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