Skin Irritaton and Contact Sensitization of Dental Metals in Guinea Pigs

DOI 6 Citations 24 References
  • YAMANAKA Sumie
    Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College:Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
  • OHTA Kaoru
    Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College
  • NOMURA Toshio
    Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College:Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
  • TAKAESU Yoshinori
    Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College

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  • モルモットによる歯科用金属の皮膚刺激性および感作性の評価

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Abstract

Several cases of contact allergy due to dental metals have been reported, and the allergenic chemicals were generally assessed by patch test. But it was not easy to distinguish irritant reactions from true allergic reactions with patch testing. In this paper, the skin irritation and contact sensitization of dental metals were evaluated with animal tests using guinea pigs. The following results were obtained. 1. Skin irritation due to 10 metals was compared via an intradermal injection method, in which mercury showed the strongest irritation. The skin irritation due to platinum, copper and chromium was stronger than that caused by silver and nickel. 2. Comparing two sensitization methods, the Maximization test, which is the most widely used test and is accepted as being very sensitive, was more sensitive than the Buehler method in the detection of silver, tin, chromium and DNCB (1-chloro 2, 4-dinitrobenzene) as a positive sensitization control. However, mercury did not give a positive sensitive reaction with the Maximization method, because of the severe local damage caused by the combination of an adjuvant and the intradermal induction of mercury. 3. When an Aluminium Finn Chamber patch test for human was used for epidermal occlusive application in guinea Pigs, the irritation of mercury or platinum was enhanced by the chemical reaction between aluminium and mercury or platinum. 4. There were cross sensitivity responses for reactions between silver and palladium, chromium and nickel. However, as for the cross reactions between tin and palladium, mercury and gold, mercury and platinum did not generate a response. 5. The repeat epidermal application of mercury raised the positive ratio, but it came down after long intervals of repeat challenges. There were large differences among individual animals in the skin irritation and contact dermatitis response. Acoording to the five grade classification of allergenic potency, we assigned DNCB as extreme (V) sensitizer, mercury and chromium as moderate (III), and silver and tin as mild (II).

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