The Relationship between the Speed of Eating and Nutritional Intake of Japanese Aged 80 Years Old Based on Responses to a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire

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  • IWASAKI Masanori
    Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
  • YOSHIHARA Akihiro
    Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
  • MURAMATSU Kanako
    Department of Health, and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
  • WATANABE Reiko
    Department of Health, and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
  • MIYAZAKI Hideo
    Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University

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Other Title
  • 簡易自己式食事歴質問票BDHQによる80歳高齢者の食べる速さと栄養素等摂取状況との関連
  • カンイ ジコシキ ショクジレキ シツモンヒョウ BDHQ ニ ヨル 80サイ コウレイシャ ノ タベル ハヤサ ト エイヨウソ トウ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ト ノ カンレン

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Abstract

A brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) is a validated method of dietary assessment. This study investigated the relationship between the speed of eating, which is considered an eating behavior, and the estimated nutrient intake using the BDHQ in community-dwelling Japanese aged 80 years old. Three hundred and fifty-four participants (174 males and 180 females) aged 80 years old who participated in both dental examinations and BDHQ assessment conducted in 2008 were included in the analysis. The speed of eating was self-reported by giving a response chosen from five qualitative categories: 'very fast', 'relatively fast', 'medium', 'relatively slowly', and 'very slowly'. The five categories were classified into two categories for statistical analysis, that is, participants who answered 'very fast' and 'relatively fast' were defined as 'eating fast', while those who answered 'medium', 'relatively slowly', and 'very slowly' were defined as 'eating slowly'. The nutrient intake was calculated from the BDHQ using the ad-hoc program developed for nutrient calculation based on BDHQ responses. The estimated nutrient intake was compared between the two groups defined as eating 'fast' or 'slowly'. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted using the speed of eating, gender, BMI, number of teeth, and masticatory function as independent variables to assess the influence on the estimated nutrient intake. The participants defined as eating 'fast' consumed significantly more zinc, copper, cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C than participants defined as eating 'slowly' (p=0.012, p=0.022, p=0.007, and p=0.049, respectively; Student's t-test). Moreover, the zinc, copper, cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C intakes of participants defined as eating 'fast' remained significantly higher than those of participants defined as eating 'slowly' after simultaneously adjusting for possible confounders (p=0.027, p=0.039, p=0.004, and p=0.043, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that Japanese people aged 80 years old who define themselves as eating fast consume higher levels of nutrients that are included in meat, fish, shellfish, vegetables, and fruits.

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