Age and gender differences in relationships between physical activity and sense of coherence in community-dwelling older adults

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  • MONMA Takafumi
    Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
  • TAKEDA Fumi
    Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
  • TSUNODA Kenji
    Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare
  • KITANO Naruki
    Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba
  • HOTOGE Shuko
    Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences
  • ASANUMA Tohru
    Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
  • OKURA Tomohiro
    Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba

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Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity (PA) and sense of coherence (SOC) by age groups (young-old and old-old) and gender in community-dwelling older adults.<br>Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were sent to 508 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 85 years old who expressed their intention to participate in physical performance tests. A total of 394 people who participated in these tests completed the questionnaires (valid response rate, 77.6％). We used the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly to assess PA variables and the 13-item 5-point version of the Sense of Coherence Scale to assess SOC variables. Multiple linear regression analysis with controlling demographic variables (education, living arrangement and clinical histories) and social network (family and friend) was applied to confirm relations between PA and SOC by age groups (young-old or old-old) and gender.<br>Results: In young-old men, leisure-time PA was related positively to SOC (β＝0.233, p＜0.05). In old-old men, work-related PA related positively to SOC (β＝0.273, p＜0.05), whereas young-old women showed a significantly negative relation between these variables (β＝-0.285, p＜0.01).<br>Conclusions: Leisure-time PA in young-old men and work-related in old-old men PA would enhance SOC, whereas any types of PA would not enhance SOC in young-old and old-old women. This study showed specific PA strategies for primary prevention with consideration of age and gender in community-dwelling older adults.

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