Special Issue of Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Tracheoesophageal Cancer Diagnosis of Early Carcinoma of the Esophagus

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  • 気管食道領域の早期癌の診断と治療　　早期食道癌の診断
  • 早期食道癌の診断
  • ソウキ ショクドウガン ノ シンダン
  • Diagnosis of Early Carcinoma of the Esophagus

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Abstract

Diverse treatments for early cancer of the esophagus have become available in recent times. Endoscopic treatment has become the therapy of first choice for early cancer of the esophagus as it enables complete recovery with minimal invasion. However, because broad metastasis to the lymph nodes easily develops when esophageal cancer infiltrates the submucosa, diagnosis is indispensable both for early detection and to know the precise invasion depth and stage of the disease. In superficial esophageal cancer, which shows minimal symptoms, failure to examine aggressively can prevent early diagnosis. In particular, the high-risk group for esophageal cancer (males older than 55 who imbibe large quantities of liquor and tobacco; case of head and neck cancer, corrosive esophagitis, achalasia, or Barrett's esophagus with protracted and chronic inflammation; and males in cancer-prone families) requires periodic examination. Periodic endoscopy is most effective for discovery of mucosal carcinoma (m1, m2) among esophageal superficial carcinomas. By taking an iodine stain, mucosal carcinoma is clearly diagnosed as the unstained lesion, thereby preventing early cancer from overlooked. Iodine stain should be actively performed in all cases showing slightly abnormal mucosal findings and the high-risk group of esophageal cancer.

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