Respiratory Tract Infection Update

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  • Kawai Shin
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine

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  • 気道感染症Update
  • キドウ カンセンショウ Update

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Abstract

<p>Respiratory tract infections are categorized as upper or lower infections depending on their respective differences in anatomical and pathological conditions. Upper respiratory tract infection is mainly a viral infection and is a self-limited disease. However, bacterial infections also exist that develop severe complications accompanied by obstruction of the respiratory tract : e.g., acute epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Caution is also called to newly emerging viral infections observed in recent years, such as human metapneumovirus (hMPV-B2). In the case of lower respiratory tract infections, many consist of bacterial infection. Bronchiectasis, COPD and old pulmonary tuberculosis are commonly seen in the clinical setting. Causative bacteria of chronic lower respiratory tract infections are initially Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, etc.; but these are ultimately replaced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in instances of repeated infections and antimicrobial therapy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intractable and becomes resistant to antimicrobial therapy due to biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In recent years, PRSP and community-acquired MRSA are in increasing trends, creating a further need to focus on respiratory tract infections in the future.</p>

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