Influenza

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  • Kawana Akihiko
    Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
  • Morichika Kyoko
    Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
  • Fujikura Yuji
    Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College

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  • インフルエンザ

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Abstract

<p>Human influenza is an acute febrile illness caused by influenza A or B virus. Influenza can be classified into “seasonal influenza,” “human infectious disease with avian influenza” and “pandemic strain influenza.” Seasonal influenza viruses cause annual epidemics that peak during winter in temperate regions. Human avian influenza is caused by a bird flu virus such as A (H5N1) or A (H7N9). Because a species barrier exists between birds and humans, the virus does not easily spread to humans ; however, these viruses can cause severe illness in humans. Mixtures of genes of human and bird virus create a new virus by the process known as “genetic reassortment.” The new A virus subtype is called “pandemic strain influenza virus,” which induces influenza pandemic worldwide, because most people have little to no immune protection for the new virus. Four neuraminidase inhibitors are currently available in Japan for treatment of all influenza types, even the pandemic strain. Recently, the Japanese government established a new legal framework concerning avian and pandemic influenza, including a preparedness plan for influenza pandemic.</p>

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