群馬県山間地域住民のアポリポ蛋白Ｅ遺伝子頻度およびアポリポ蛋白Ｅ受容体結合蛋白の検討

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  • Apolipoprotein E.EPSILON.4 Allel Frequencies, Plasma .ALPHA.2-Macroglobulin and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Levels in Residents of a Rural Area in Gunma Prefecture.
  • グンマケン サンカン チイキ ジュウミン ノ アポリポ タンパク E イデンシ

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The apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) ε4 allele is a major riks factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, ε4 is neither a neccessary nor a sufficinet condition for the development of this disease, and many cognitively healthy elderly people carry the ε4 allele. To look for age-dependent changes in ε4 allele frequencies in the general population, we measured the frequencies in 141 normal healthy residents of a mountainous rural area in north-west Gunma prefecture. Levels of cholesterols in plasma were measured and their relation to apoE genotypes was studied. We also measured the levels of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in blood, and studied their relation to apoE genotypes. Because low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) binds apoE, α2M, and PAI-1, it is of interest to see whether the α2M and PAI-1 concentrations in blood differ between ε4 carriers and non-carriers. ApoE allele frequencies were 0.05, 0.84, and 0.11 for ε2, ε3, and ε4, respectively. In both men and women, the frequency of ε4 was lowest among those in the seventh decade of life. The frequency of ε4 among octagenarians was high (0.17). Serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between ε4 carriers and non-carriers. The α2M level in serum was higher in women than in men and was higher in older subjects than in younger subjects. Plasma PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in men than in women (Student' s t-test; p=0.0197). Neither α2M levels nor PAI-1 levels differed between ε4 carriers and non-carriers, which suggests that the levels of these two proteins in blood do not reflect the status of LRP in individuals with various apoE genotypes. Studies that include data on life style and diet are necessary before we can conclude that rural life contributes to longevity in ε4 carriers.

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