Factors Affecting Prognosis of Intrauterine Hydrocephalus Diagnosed in the Third Trimester

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  • OI Shizuo
    Departments of Neurosurgery, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • YAMADA Hiroshi
    Departments of Neurosurgery, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • KIMURA Mitsuru
    Departments of Neurosurgery, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • EHARA Kazuo
    Departments of Neurosurgery, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • MATSUMOTO Satoshi
    Departments of Neurosurgery, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • KATAYAMA Kazuaki
    Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • MOCHIZUKI Matsuto
    Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • UETANI Yoshiyuki
    Departments of Pediatrics, Kobe University School of Medicine
  • NAKAMURA Hajime
    Departments of Pediatrics, Kobe University School of Medicine

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  • —Computerized Data Analysis on Controversies in Fetal Surgery—

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Twenty hydrocephalic patients diagnosed in the third trimester of fetal life were evaluated and followed during a 7-year period. The factors affecting the prognosis, including the type of hydrocephalus, underlying conditions, associated anomalies, time of diagnosis and delivery, fetal period after diagnosis, head circumference and degree of ventriculomegaly at birth, and age at treatment, were comprehensively analyzed. The difference between final outcomes as assessed by developmental quotient (DQ) or intelligence quotient (IQ) were statistically tested with computation by means of STAX packages in an NEC 9801 VX. Hydrocephalus as an isolated defect occurred in six cases (30%), was associated with other central nervous system anomalies in nine (45%), and was secondary to intrauterine intraventricular hemorrhage or brain tumor in five (25%). The average age at the time of diagnosis was 33.9 weeks of gestation (range, 27-40 weeks). One fetus was treated by transabdominal cephalocentesis, but the majority of patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt postnatally. The final IQ or DQ scores ranged from 20 to 120 (mean score, 50.6). The data analyses revealed that the only significant factor affecting outcome was the fetal period after diagnosis of hydrocephalus (r = -0.5076, p < 0.01). Our data supports the fact that the results of an on-going hydrocephalic state may become irreversible during fetal life. It is emphasized that establishment of a more precise pathophysiological evaluation, and a less invasive but more reliable decompressive technique for fetal hydrocephalus, is urgent.

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