間歇強化訓練における手がかり刺激の効果

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • EFFECTS OF CUE STIMULUS IN PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT TRAINING
  • カンケツキョウカ クンレン ニ オケル テガカリ シゲキ ノ コウカ

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説明

Two experiments were conducted to examine whether Humphreys' effect observed in resistance to extinction after partial reinforcement could be explained in terms of the cue function of external stimulus conditioned to a response during acquisition.<br>The bar-press of rat was rewarded with a food pellet under the conditions of fixed ratio schedule in a modified Skinner box, in which a bar and a food tray were placed on the opposite walls and the rat's responses to each of them were recorded separately.<br>Throughout the acquisition and extinction of Experiment I, the cue stimulus was removed from the situation as much as possible, i.e., every bar-press of rat was followed by the click of food magazine whether it actually delivered the pellet or not.<br>In Experiment II, on the other hand, the cue stimulus was presented deliberately, i.e., the bar-press of rat was followed by the click of magazine only when it was accompanied by the reward. Each of the two experimental groups, the one partially reinforced and the other continuously reinforced, was divided into two subgroups in respect to the stimulus conditions under which they were extinguished. Namely, every bar-press of rat in one sub-group was followed by the click of magazine, and in the other it followed consecutive four bar-presses.<br>The results were as follows:<br>1. Without the cue stimulus, there were fewer approaches-to-food-tray per bar-press the lower the reinforcement ratio (Fig. 1), and the approaches-to-food-tray were observed more often when the pellet was delivered than not delivered (Fig. 2 A). We could not, however, consider these facts as the evidences that the serial pattern developped in which an approach-to-food-tray was made following every two (or four) bar-presses in the group trained under the 1/2 (or 1/4) fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement (Fig. 2 B, 3).<br>2. In the presence of the cue stimulus, distinct serial pattern was observed (Fig. 5 A, 6, 7), but it broke down as soon as the stimulus conditions were changed (Fig. 5 B, 9, 10).<br>3. Humphreys' effect was clearly present despite the manipulation of the stimulus conditions (Fig. 4, 8).<br>It seems futile to explain Humphreys' effect in terms of the cue function of external stimulus or internal stimulus conditioned to it.

収録刊行物

  • 心理学研究

    心理学研究 38 (3), 156-162, 1967

    公益社団法人 日本心理学会

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