Child labor regulations in France (1874-1914) : the case of the department of Nord

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  • フランスにおける児童労働規制の展開(1874～1914年) : ノール県の事例から
  • フランス ニ オケル ジドウ ロウドウ キセイ ノ テンカイ(1874~1914ネン) : ノール ケン ノ ジレイ カラ

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French child labor regulation has been seen as the beginning of state intervention in the private sphere (factories and families). However, earlier studies have argued that failure to effectively enforce these regulations meant that they had very little practical effect. Consequently, there has been little study of the interventions by these regulations in the private sphere (especially, in the sphere of the family). Starting with this position in mind, this paper focuses on the enforcement of child labor regulation from 1874 to 1914 in the department of Nord, one of the French areas where child labor flourished. The conclusions of this paper are that French child labor regulations brought serious changes to the intervention of the state in the private sphere, and that those changes varied depending on local and national conditions (realities of child labor, attitude of locale notables, changes in national politics, etc.). This analysis proposes that the enforcement of child labor regulations had a more positive historical significance than historians have previously believed. Furthermore, these regulations can be considered as being an important factor in French labor policies for adult workers in the period leading up to World War I.

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