International sanitary activities in Shanghai and East Asia in the 1920s : a study on Shanghai's response to the movement for revision of the International Sanitary Convention (1912)

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  • 1920年代東アジアにおける国際衛生事業と上海 : 「国際衛生条約(1912年)」改正をめぐる動きへの反応を中心に
  • 1920ネンダイ ヒガシアジア ニ オケル コクサイ エイセイ ジギョウ ト シャンハイ コクサイ エイセイ ジョウヤク 1912ネン カイセイ オ メグル ウゴキ エ ノ ハンノウ オ チュウシン ニ

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The aim of this study is to examine the relation between the creation of a public health administration in modern China and international sanitary activities in 1920s East Asia through an analysis of the reactions of foreign sanitary officers and the Chinese medical establishment in Shanghai to the international movement for the revision of the International Sanitary Convention (1912) (ISC). In the early 1920s, the League of Nations proposed an amendment to the ISC to make it applicable to the countries of Asia. It included a plan to classify the ports in Asia according to health conditions and facilities, and phased quarantine measures were to be taken according to classification. If the proposed amendment were adopted, Shanghai would be classified as a lower rank port and would suffer economically, and the foreign sanitary officers in Shanghai International Settlement therefore tried to launch a survey of sanitary conditions in the greater Shanghai area. On the other hand, the Chinese medical establishment, in an environment of improved international sanitary activities in Asia, recommended the establishment of a nationwide and Chinese-controlled health administration. It is believed that their activities led to the rapid creation of a nationwide public health administration by the Nationalist government from the late 1920s.

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