近代における華北農村の変容過程と農家経営の展開 : 河北省定県を例として

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  • Economic change in farming districts and the development of peasant management in modern north China : an area study of Ding county, Hebei province
  • キンダイ ニ オケル カホク ノウソン ノ ヘンヨウ カテイ ト ノウカ ケイエイ ノ テンカイ カホクショウ テイ ケン オ レイ ト シテ

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The purpose of this paper is to examine economic change in farming districts in modern north China, focusing on the shift in the relative importance of farming and off-farm occupations in different peasant households. After the construction of the Beijing-Hankou railroad in Ding county in 1900, in one particular area that was both situated along the railroad and suitable for cotton cultivation, peasant households began to use their male labor force to produce cotton handicrafts for sale. In other areas, however, geographic and geological conditions resulted in the persistence of biannual triple cropping. Later, the demand for cotton textiles led more and more peasant households in the former area to concentrate on cotton handicrafts, to the extent of cutting down their cultivated acreage. Accordingly, it became increasingly difficult for them to give up cotton handicrafts even during recessions. That was the reason why American strains of cotton, which could not be used for handicraft production, were cultivated not in the former area, but in the latter ones, after irrigation. In other words, each peasant household decided its course based on its own existing reproduction structure. This is why the process of commercialization in rural modern north China exhibited regional differences.

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