内陸荘園と水運

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タイトル別名
  • Inland Shooen and Water Transport
  • ナイリク ショウエン ト スイウン

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As inland shooen by definition, were far from the sea, it was difficult there to make the villagers of their on render service as sailors when the rent was transported by sea. So some shooen acquired sites of warehouses on the coast and set the inhabitants there to work, as witness Ohta-no-sho in Bimgo belonging to the estate of Kooyasan which acquired Onomichi as the site of its warehouses and made the inhabitants of Onomichi perform part of maritime transport; but many others sent their rent to the seat of government through shipping agents at ports. In order to transport the rent by sea, however, it was necessary for an inland shooen to carry the rent from inland shooen to carry the rent from inland to the coast. The carrying of the rent to ports was called 'tsukudashi', and this service was rendered by the villagers of the inland shooen. Though tsukudashi was done either by land or by sea, the latter was preferred and used as far as possible, and many of the lords of inland shooen designed to secure fluvial navigation by giving rent-free rice fields to boatmen for the purpose of having them well in hand Such were river boatmen who navigated up and down the River Kuma inhabiting at Hitoyoshi-no-sho in Higo which belonged to the estate of Renge-ooin. When the rent was carried to ports, it was transferred from river boats to sea-going vessels of shipping agents, who transported it to the capital. The shipping charges were borne by individual shooen, and some of them such as above mentioned Ohta-no-sho of Niimi-no-sho at Bitchu which belonged to the estate of Tooji, levied on the inhabitants of the shooen 'kakomai' or 'kakomugi' which meant rice or wheat to be used to ihre sailors. Thus shipping agents who engaged themselves in the transportation of rent developed largely at estuary harbours along the coast of Setonaikai, and at the mouth of the River Onga in Kyuushu in the late Kamakura period.

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