Hydrogen Fluoride-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Monoxide to Propylene under High Pressures

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Isobutyric acid forming reaction of propylene with carbon monoxide has been studied in the presence of HF-H2O catalyst under high pressures. The optimum conditions for the formation of acid have been decided as follows: water content of HF catalyst, 20wt.%; charge ratio of HF to C3H6, 15 (mole ratio); reaction temperature, 94°C or lower; and the total pressure, 190kg/cm2 or higher. Reaction temperature higher than 94°C is unfavorable because of accelerated polymerization of C3H6.<br>Reaction mechanism of the formation of isobutyric acid has been proposed, where the rate determining step, <br>C3H7++CO(dissolved)→C3H7CO+, being first-order with regard to each reactant. The rate expression for the yield of the acid has been derived and the apparent activation energy of the over-all reaction has been found to be 21.7kcal/mole.

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