Migration of the Second Baby Boomers within the Tokyo Metropolitan Area : Focus on the Alumni of X University

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  • 東京圏における団塊ジュニア世代の居住地移動 : X大学卒業生の事例
  • トウキョウケン ニ オケル ダンカイ ジュニア セダイ ノ キョジュウチ イドウ : X ダイガク ソツギョウセイ ノ ジレイ

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Abstract

This paper examines the characteristics of the second baby boomers' migration within the Tokyo metropolitan area and determines the factors that characterize their intra-metropolitan migration. The study is based on a questionnaire survey that was conducted with the alumni of X University as participants. This university is a large private university located in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Unlike the parental generation, the first baby boomers, a large majority of Japanese second baby boomers, who now live in the Tokyo metropolitan area, were born and raised in the metropolitan area. These second baby boomers do not necessarily leave their parental homes when they enter universities or obtain their first jobs. Women, in particular, tend to live with their parents until they are married. Owing to the tendency to marry late and the decline in birth rate, at the same stage, the composition of second baby boomer families are more diverse than that of first baby boomers. However, like the first baby boomers, the respondents displayed an inclination to become owner-occupiers after marriage. Couples with no children or with one child tend to acquire condominiums a short period after their marriage, whereas couples with two or more children live in detached houses, which they generally acquire after the birth of their second child. These facts indicate that people's housing requirements differ according to the familial status; each family chooses a type of residence that suits its lifestyle. Most of the respondents were born and raised in the Tokyo metropolitan area, and many of them migrated only a short distance; the number of respondents who moved inward within the metropolitan area is almost the same as the number of respondents who moved outward within the area. This indicates that the location of the respondents' residences hardly changes through the course of their lives. Signs that people wished to move back to the downtown area have been observed since the late 1990s. However, compared to the migration of the first baby boomers, that of the second baby boomers apparently had a weaker impact on the spatial structure of the metropolitan area. The first baby boomers' quest for detached houses in the suburbs was evident by the excessive outward migration, which led to the expansion of the peripheries of the metropolitan area. Although Japan's economy has been declining since the burst of the bubble economy in the early 1990s and affordable condominiums are available near the downtown area, many respondents chose to live in the suburban area. One reason for this is the convenient commute: about 40% of male suburban dwellers work in the suburbs. Another reason is that they are inclined to live close to their parents: about 50% of all married couples live within 10 kilometers of the husband's or wife's parents. Since most of the second baby boomers living in the Tokyo metropolitan area have lived in the metropolitan area as children, they are able to live close to their parents.

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