Neighbourhood Inequalities in Health and Income in Japan(<Special Issue>Economic Geography of Regional Inequalities)

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  • 居住地域の健康格差と所得格差(<特集>地域格差の経済地理学)
  • 居住地域の健康格差と所得格差
  • キョジュウ チイキ ノ ケンコウ カクサ ト ショトク カクサ

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Abstract

Disparities in quality of life including health status have often been associated with socio-economic status, particularly in terms of income-related measures. In this paper, we examine whether geographical inequalities at the neighbourhood level in the population health are determined by place-based contextual effects that cannot be explained by compositional effects of individualistic income levels in Japan. By integrating Japanese General Social Survey 2000-2003 data with social area typologies/geodemographics (Moisac Japan), we explore the contextual effects that may regulate geographical and income disparities in self-rated health measures using multi-level modelling. First, we confirm the existence of significant self-rated health variations between social area typologies even after equivalised income compositions are controlled for at the individual level. These variations are particularly large among low-income groups compared with middle- and high-income ones. Second, while some health disparities between social area typologies correspond to socio-economic segregation, health disparities between income groups are wider in neighbourhoods situated in central parts of metropolitan regions. These findings indicate that the place-based contextual effects, so-called neighbourhood effects characterised by social areas in Japan, could be crucial factors regulating both geographical and social disparities in the health status of the Japanese population.

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