Forms and Systems for the Symbiosis between Tourist Industry and Agriculture in the High Alps of Switzerland(<Special Issue>Japanese Regional Policy at the Crossroad)

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  • スイス・高アルプスにおける観光業と農業の共生形態と共生システム(<特集>地域政策の分岐点-21世紀の地域政策のあり方をめぐって-)
  • スイス・高アルプスにおける観光業と農業の共生形態と共生システム
  • スイス コウアルプス ニ オケル カンコウギョウ ト ノウギョウ ノ キョウセイ ケイタイ ト キョウセイ システム

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Abstract

A purpose of this paper is to clarify an economic social process of forms and systems for the symbiosis between tourist industry and agriculture in the high Alps of Switzerland. A form for the symbiosis between tourist industry around hotels and agriculture was formed in the high Alps of Switzerland in the 1910s. This phenomenon was different from the Austrian Alps where a form for the symbiosis between farmhouse quarters and agriculture was formed in the 1920s. This regional difference depends on a difference of economic social structure of mountain villages affected by unequal development of capitalism in the Alpine forelands. The reason why vacation houses increased is that vacation house management brought higher profit than agriculture with the boom of mass tourism in the high Alps of Switzerland since the late 1950s. And the symbiosis with the agriculture was easy for the management of vacation house because it could omit the labor of meals. As a result of influence of mass tourism mentioned above, a form for the symbiosis between vacation houses and agriculture was formed in the high Alps of Switzerland since the late 1950s. However, the contact with the local culture becomes thin in this form for the symbiosis. Many farmers stopped agriculture and turned into vacation house managers because agricultural returns decreased by globalizations since the late 1980s. Such tendency was remarkable in the many areas where farmland scale was small. As a result of influence of the globalization mentioned above, a form for the symbiosis between tourist industry and agriculture is collapsing in the many areas since the late 1980s. However, a form for the symbiosis between vacation houses and agriculture has been maintained by means of direct payments in the area that land system to use large land resources continues to exist (Grindelwald). And we see a form for the symbiosis between tourist industry and agriculture that the member of the family of most-time farmers is often employed seasonally by tourist industry in the area that not only such land system but also flexible production/sales organization establishes (Davos).

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