New Progress in Living Environment Analvsis using GIS(Special Issue : Diversification in Environmental Problems and Economic Geography : Agenda in Creating Cyclical Society)

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  • GISによる生活環境分析の新たな展開(<特集> 環境問題の多元化と経済地理学 : 循環型社会の形成にむけて)
  • 〔経済地理学会第48回〕大会報告論文 GISによる生活環境分析の新たな展開
  • ケイザイ チリ ガッカイ ダイ48カイ タイカイ ホウコク ロンブン GIS ニ ヨル セイカツ カンキョウ ブンセキ ノ アラタ ナ テンカイ

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Abstract

This paper tries to explore new progress in living environment analysis on the basis of GIS. Recently the study of living environment using GIS focuses on the concept of locational externalities to treat built environment at micro spatial scale called as community or finer scale. The locational externalities for a household are determined by the districts with the locational attributes at the following four spatial scales : propertv, street, sub-community (cho-moku), and community (cho) scales. The living environment is considered as the surroundings around the household, namely effects of locational externalities around the household. By introducing the concept of locational externalities in the study of living environment and building context-sensitive GIS for modeling the built environment, it is possible to analyze the living environment as an entity caused through the effects of locational externalities. Next the accessibility is considered in the relation to the study of living environment. There are five types of measures for accessibility : 1) container index, 2) minimum distance, 3) cumulative-opportunity, 4) gravity type, and 5) space-time. GIS provides these measures with new view points and methodology in the following terms : 1) disaggregation of data, 2) measurement of road distance, 3) visualization for the results of analysis, 4)importance of time in spatial behavior, 5) explanation on the basis of analysis, and 6)integration of evaluation for living environment. Finally the distances to ophthalmic facilities in Matsudo, Chiba Prefecture are measured as a case study of accessibility analysis using GIS. The further study of living environment in terms of accessibility needs to analyze not only spatial variation of accessibility, but also time dimension of it for the pursuit of space-time equity and efficiency.

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