Quotative Structure and Indirectification

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Other Title
  • 引用構造と間接化転形
  • インヨウ コウゾウ ト カンセツカ テンケイ
Published
1970
DOI
  • 10.11435/gengo1939.1970.1
Publisher
The Linguistic Society of Japan

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Description

There are two types of quotation embedded in a sentence; direct and indirect quotation. This paper explores the transformational relation between these two as exemplified in the Japanese language.<BR>To embed a direct quotation in a sentence implies to create a new communication field in which the speaker and the hearer of the quotation are in principle different from the speaker and the hearer of the reporting sentence. Inpirectification of the quotation means that the new communication field is restored to the original communication field and that the content of the quotation is reinterpreted by the speaker of the reporting sentence in the original communication field.<BR>In accordance with the nature of indirectification, the following seven transformations with base rules and lexicon are set up to indirectify the direct quotation.<BR>1. Time Adjustment. In indiretctification the time noun in the direct quotations adjusted to the time noun in the reporting sentence. This adjustiment is performed by the addition of features of the two time nouns.<BR>2. Deletion of Initial and Final. The words of subjective expression of will, emotion, etc take the initial or final position in the sentence. These words cannot remain in the indirect quotation.<BR>3.-ru voo ni is added to the verb stem after the deletion of the imperative form suffix, -ro, -nasai, etc.<BR>4.-ru is also added to the verb stem after the deletion of the tentative form suffix, -yoo.<BR>5. First and Second Person Pronoun Adjustment. The first and second person pronous in the direct quotation are respectively transformed to the subject noun refering to the speaker of the quotation and the noun refering to the hearer of the quotation in the reporting sentence.<BR>6. Deletion of Style Marker in Quotation. The style of the direct quotation is adjusted to the style of reporting sentence. This adjustment is done simply by the deletion of the style marker of the direct quotation.<BR>7. Deletion of Indirect Quotation Marker. The formative, Indirect, is the trigger of the above transformations, but has no form realized on the phonetic level. So the indirect marker is deleted at the end of the indirectification.<BR>In short indirectification is a partially ordered set of transformation rules to indirectify a direct quotation. The order of the transformation rules is illustrated by diagram (34) in this paper.

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