鎌倉幕府評定制の成立過程

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Process of Founding the "Hyojo"(評定) System in Kamakura Shogunate
  • カマクラ バクフ ヒョウテイセイ ノ セイリツ カテイ

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抄録

In this article, the present writer studied the process of founding the Hyojo system, political organization of the Kamakura Shogunate. Through research and examination of the "Hyojoshu" (評定衆), he made clear the following points : (1)Acording to "Azuma Kagami" (吾妻鏡) and the "Kanto Hyojo Den" (関東評定伝), the foundation of the Hyojoshu has been usually said to be in 1225, but this view seems to be impossible, because the section of the "Kanto Hyojo Den" up to 1231 is considered to be made up by its author. The present writer, however, regards the section of the above work after 1232 reliable. (2)The Hyojo system started in 1199 with the grant of substantial power to examin lawsuits and the function to drop them. Besides the Hyojo system came to have various political powers and functions gradually through the reigns of Minamoto-no-Yoriie (源頼家), Minamoto-no-Sanetomo (源実朝), and Hojo Masako (北条政子), and became an important system. But we must notify the fact that even during these periods, the power to make final decision for these matters belonged to the shogun. (3)The Hyojo system changed a great deal under the rule of Fujiwara-no-Yoritsune (藤原頼経) after he became shogun in 1225 : (i)The Hyojosho (評定所) was set up, and the Hyojp system as an organization became more independent than before. (ii)Judicial and political issues came to be decided at the Hyojosho. Thus the Hyojo system came to hold, both in name and reality, an important place in the Kamakura Shogunate. The power to make final decision on those issues, however, did not belong to the Hyojoshu but rather to the Regent (執権). In other words, the Hyojoshu can be said to have been an advisory council for the Regent. Though decisions at the Hyojosho have been thought to be made according to the will of the majority of the Hyojoshu, including the Regent by now, the present writer thinks that the reform of 1225 in fact raised the status of the Regent substantially.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 92 (9), 1453-1473,1564-, 1983

    公益財団法人 史学会

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