中世後期における在地領主の収取と財政 : 朽木文書の帳簿類の分析から

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タイトル別名
  • A Study of the Revenue and Finance of Local Seigneurs in the Late Medieval Age in Japan
  • チュウセイ コウキ ニ オケル ザイチ

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The Study of local seigneurs in the Late Medieval Age in Japan is not as popular as the research on such middle classes as landowners and local gentry. Recently, however, their distinctive character has been made clear, particularly by N.Kurushima and H.Ishida in their studies of the Yamanaka clan at Koga-gun in Omi Province. But, as the revenue of the local seigneurs as their financial foundation has not been investigated, it is not clear how exactly they do differ from the middle class. In this paper, the author attempts to elucidate this point by investigating the revenue and finances of the Kutsuki clan at Takashima-gun in Omi Province, which is known as a typical local seigneur. For that purpose, he analyzes the ledgers of that clan documents which have been ignored so far. Since coming into the possesion of Kutsuki Estate, the Kutsuki clan received the revenue from the annual land payment (Hon-nengu) under the manorial system, and put the principal part of the fields under their direct management. The clan kept this seignorial revenue together with its organizational structure until the 15th and 16th centuries. In the second half of 15th century, the Kutsuki clan accumulated surtax ground rent (Kajishi) through land purchases in and out of Kutsuki Estate. The revenue consisted of both the traditional seignorial revenue and the surtax ground rent, which was similar to land-owner's revenue. In the author's view, since there were middle class persons and villages in Kutsuki Estate that could also accumulate surtax ground rent through purchase, the Kutsuki clan was not always dominant in the accumulation of this rent. Partly because of this, and partly because of its animated military and political activities, the Kutsuki clan suffered from chronic deficit financing. Under this financial condition, what the Kutsuki clan received as constant revenue was the seignorial levy called "Kuji" (which included the annual land payment). This tells us that the seignorial levy was public in character, which was the basis of its constancy, while the surtax ground rent was private. Accordingly, it follows that the financial foundation of the local seigneurs was Kuji revenue, while that of the middle class was the revenue from the surtax ground rent. Moreover, the public character of "Kuji" was vital to the subsistence of the local seigneurs.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 97 (7), 1161-1200,1320-, 1988

    公益財団法人 史学会

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