官奏の系譜

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Origins of the Kanso System
  • カンソウ ノ ケイフ

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抄録

In the Heian Period, the way to report a document to an emperor for his approval changed, compared with that of the Nara Period, resulting in the establishment of the kanso 官奏 system. Two indispensable conditions had to be satisfied for the kanso system to be established. One is that a minister reported a document in the presense of an emperor, the other that a Daijokan-So (太政官奏) was not drawn up, when a document which was sent from a local government or a ministry wets reported to the emperor. In the present paper, the author argues that the former condition was satisfied during the 760's, at the end of the Tempyo-Hoji (天平宝字) era, and the latter condition satisfied by the end of the 8th century, thus confirming that the kanso system was established by this latter time. Books on yearly court functions of the Heian Period, for example, the Hokuzan-Sho 北山抄 and Kujo-Nenchu-Gyoji 九条年中行事 list the documents which were reported to the Minister of State (大臣) or the Second Minister (大中納言) and which were reported to the emperor. Through an examination of these documents, which were carried rapidly by a horse, the author shows that the way to carry and report documents changed in the middle of the 9th century. In this connection, framing the list was begun. In the middle of the 9th century, the Jogan 貞観 era was the time when the kanso system was superior to the system that had been used under the ritsu-ryo 律令 codes, because it was more convenience and simple. It was a time when the emperors lived out of the Royal Palace, so such a simple system could adapt itself to any place the emperor happened to be, which was another reason why the kanso system was diffused, and why the framing of the list was begun. The list was effective until the middle of the 10th century, soon after which, the kanso system was replaced by a more convenience and simple system, under which the Minister of State did not appear before the emperor.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 108 (12), 2101-2121,2219-, 1999

    公益財団法人 史学会

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