The historical process of the Hachinohe manufacturing area is divided into four periods. The first period (1923-1936) was devoted to making provision for transport facilities. The second (1937-1955) is a period in which industrialization was promoted by the designation as a region of the industrial location for the defense of Japan. In the third period, after the completing of an industrial port accumulation of the industrial region made a progress. The fourth period began when this city was designated as one of New Industrial Cities with its center at Hattaro-Kitanuma district where the second industrial port and new plants have been under construction.<br>Now the center of the Hachinohe manufacturing area is an industrial port region, in which the Konakano district is characterized by heavy and chemical industries, and the delta zone by the service center of powers (electric power and oil). The Same district is a center of the fishery product processing industries, and the Niida river and the northern districts of Hachinohe station are the regions where the big and small plants are mixed. In the near future, the Hattaro-Kitanuma district may be formed as a central region consisting of iron, chemical, pulp and paper manufacturing industries.<br>Followings are the main problems.<br>1) As the mouth of the Niida river is used for the anchorage of fishing boats, shutting the gateway of the industrial port, the industrial port can not function in the fishing season.<br>2) The Sumitomo cement factory built on the bank of the Niida river has been isolated, and no other plants have been built there since.<br>3) The fishery product processing industries near the mouth of the Niida are responsible for these problems, therefore it had better transfer them to the Same fishing port district which is the center of the processing industries and to the Shirogane reclaimed district where a new port is building.<br>4) The Chuo district consisting of the alluvial plain, between the industrial port and Hachinohe Railway Line, is a land recuired for industry, but that has been changed into residential district gradually.<br>5) As the second industrial port is made on the lake Kitanuma underneath the Takadate terrace (30-35m. above sea level), its hinterland is extremely narrow.<br>6) The locational factors for Hachinohe manufacturing area are not market but raw materials (iron sand, copper sulphide, limestone, electricity and water).