A Study on Cognitive Noticing in Children's Conversation in a Life Environment Studies Lesson : Focusing on the Expression of Metaphor

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  • 生活科学習の会話中に存在する知的な気付きに関する研究 : メタファを用いた表現に注目して
  • セイカツカ ガクシュウ ノ カイワチュウ ニ ソンザイ スル チテキ ナ キヅキ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ メタファ オ モチイタ ヒョウゲン ニ チュウモク シテ

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Abstract

A metaphor compares an idea to other things, and expresses it. In this research, it is thought that a metaphor becomes the key for discovering something through cognitive noticing. This research investigates the role of metaphor in a Life Environment Studies lesson. It also investigates whether the use of metaphor changes according to the intervention of others. First, when investigating first grade elementary school students, it turns out that metaphors have the following roles: (1) A child compares a concept to other things, and explains it. (2) A child builds a concept using a metaphor. (3) A child expresses his/her outlook using the "Customized Metaphor". This investigation showed that metaphor was the key to discovering the intellectuality of a companion. Moreover, when others interrupted the conversation, it appeared that metaphors were seldom expressed. Teachers should listen attentively to children and try to understand their intentions. If teachers can observe a child's use of metaphor, it can be concluded that cognitive noticing took place. In this case teachers should accept and encourage the child.

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