Pathophysiological Response to Hypoxia - From the Molecular Mechanisms of Malady to Drug Discovery:Epigenetic Regulation of the Hypoxic Response via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Histone Modifying Enzymes

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  • Mimura Imari
    Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
  • Tanaka Tetsuhiro
    Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan
  • Wada Youichiro
    Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
  • Kodama Tatsuhiko
    Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
  • Nangaku Masaomi
    Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan

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  • Epigenetic regulation of the hypoxic response via hypoxia-inducible factor and histone modifying enzymes
  • Pathophysiological Response to Hypoxia — From the Molecular Mechanisms of Malady to Drug Discovery: Epigenetic Regulation of the Hypoxic Response via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Histone Modifying Enzymes

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Abstract

The hypoxia response regulated primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) influences metabolism, cell survival, and angiogenesis to maintain biological homeostasis. In addition to the traditional transcriptional regulation by HIF, recent studies have shown that epigenetic modulation such as histone methylation, acetylation, and DNA methylation could change the regulation of the response to hypoxia. Eukaryotic chromatin is known to be modified by multiple post-translational histone methylation and demethylation, which result in the chromatin conformation change to adapt to hypoxic stimuli. Interestingly, some of the histone demethylase enzymes, which have the Jumonji domain–containing family, require oxygen to function and are induced by hypoxia in an HIF-1–dependent manner. Recent studies have demonstrated that histone modifiers play important roles in the hypoxic environment such as that in cancer cells and that they may become new therapeutic targets for cancer patients. It may lead to finding a new therapy for cancer to clarify a new epigenetic mechanism by HIF and histone demethylase such as JMJD1A (KDM3A) under hypoxia.

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