Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate, Dimethyl Carbonate, Cyclic Urea and Cyclic Urethane

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  • Fujita Shin-ichiro
    Div. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
  • Arai Masahiko
    Div. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University

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  • 二酸化炭素の化学的固定化: 二酸化炭素からのカーボネート，環状ウレアおよび環状ウレタン化合物の合成
  • 2サンカタンソ ノ カガクテキ コテイカ 2サンカタンソ カラ ノ カーボネート カンジョウ ウレア オヨビ カンジョウ ウレタン カゴウブツ ノ ゴウセイ

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Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) may be very important in the future as a solution for the problem of increased atmospheric CO2 levels. Recent developments for chemical fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), cyclic urea and cyclic urethane are reviewed. Synthesis of cyclic carbonate via CO2 addition to epoxide has been already applied on the industrial scale, but catalyst development continues. Direct oxidative carboxylation of olefin is preferable for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate, but requires the development of catalysts for the epoxidation step in the presence of CO2. Direct synthesis of DMC is not in practical use at present because of the reaction equilibrium and chemical inertness of CO2. The preferred alternative is transesterification of ethylene carbonate and methanol for converting CO2 to DMC indirectly. Moreover, combination of this reaction with CO2 addition to epoxide or reaction of ethylene glycol and urea to synthesize DMC is promising. Application of these ideas depends on the development and optimization of catalysts and reaction conditions. Synthesis of cyclic urea and urethane without catalyst should use either CO2 or urea depending on the structures of diamine and amino alcohol.<br>

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